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Invest. clín ; 54(3): 299-310, sep. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740327

ABSTRACT

El dengue se caracteriza por fiebre, cefalea, artralgia y mialgia. La presencia de signos y síntomas gastrointestinales (SSGI), se considera señal de alarma en dengue; sin embargo, existe poca información respecto a la ocurrencia de estas manifestaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de signos y síntomas gastrointestinales en una cohorte de pacientes con dengue. Se revisaron 1484 fichas clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de dengue, clasificados como: dengue con signos de alarma (DCSA) (n=700); sin signos de alarma (DSSA) (n=700) y dengue grave (DG) (n=84). El 65,71% de los pacientes con DSSA, el 92,59% DCSA y el 100% de los pacientes con DG presentaron SSGI. En los pacientes con DSSA, las náuseas/vómitos fue el síntoma más frecuente 319/700 (45,57%), seguido de dolor abdominal 142/700 (20,29%) y diarrea 125/700 (17,86%). No se registraron casos con melena, hepatomegalia y/o hematemesis. Mientras que en DCSA las náuseas/vómitos estuvieron en 529/700 (75,57%), dolor abdominal 439/700 (62,71%) y diarrea 198/700 (28,28%), fueron los más frecuentes (p<0,0001). Melena, hematemesis y hepatomegalia variaron de 0,57% a 1,86%. En DG, las náuseas/vómitos se registraron en el 100%, dolor abdominal 82/84 (97,62%), diarrea 65/84 (77,38%), melena 32/84 (38,10%), hepatomegalia 28/84 (33,33%) y hematemesis 26/84 (30,95%). Se evidencia alta frecuencia de SSGI en los casos de DCSA y DG a diferencia de DSSA, en los cuales fue significativamente menor. Se sugiere relación de los SSGI con la severidad del dengue y su presencia debe considerarse en la toma de decisiones del equipo de salud para el manejo adecuado del paciente.


Dengue is characterized by fever, headache, arthralgia and myalgia. The presence of gastrointestinal signs and symptoms (GISS) is considered a sign of alarm in dengue; however, little information exists regarding the occurrence of these events. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of gastrointestinal signs and symptoms in a cohort of patients with dengue. A total of 1484 medical records of patients with confirmed dengue were reviewed and classified as: dengue without warning signs (DNWS) (n = 700), dengue with warning signs (DWWS) (n = 700) and severe dengue (SD) (n = 84). Of the studied records, 65.71% of patients with DNWS, 92.59% with DWWS and 100% of patients with SD had GISS. In patients with DNWS, nausea / vomiting were the most common symptoms in 319/700 cases (45.57%), followed by abdominal pain in 142/700 (20.29%) and diarrhea in 125/700 (17.86%). There were no cases with melena, hepatomegaly or hematemesis. While in DWWS nausea/vomiting were present in 529/700 (75.57%), abdominal pain in 439/700 (62.71%) and diarrhea in 198/700 (28.28%),(p <0.0001). Melena, hematemesis and hepatomegaly ranged from 0.57% to 1.86% of cases. In SD, nausea/vomiting were registered in 100% of the cases, abdominal pain in 82/84 (97.62%), diarrhea in 65/84 (77.38%), melena in 32/84 (38.10%), hepatomegaly in 28/84 (33.33%) and hematemesis in 26/84 (30.95%). It was evident the high frequency of GISS in cases of DWWS and SD, in contrast to DNWS, in which the frequency of GISS was significantly lower. This suggests a relationship of GISS with the severity of dengue, and their presence should be considered by the decision-making health team for appropriate patient management.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Dengue/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Cohort Studies , Dengue/epidemiology , Diarrhea/etiology , Endemic Diseases , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Hepatomegaly/etiology , Nausea/etiology , Venezuela/epidemiology , Vomiting/etiology
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